Making Informed Choices for Industrial Applications (Shopping - Wholesale)
Item ID 2616361 in Category: Shopping - Wholesale
Making Informed Choices for Industrial Applications | |
2. Physical and Chemical Properties Comparison Solubility Characteristics Property Acrylamide Polyacrylamide (PAM) Water Solubility 215 g/100mL at 30°C Forms colloidal solutions Organic Solvent Solubility Soluble in methanol, acetone Generally insoluble Solution Behavior True molecular solution Viscous, pseudoplastic solutions Thermal Stability Acrylamide: Melts at 84-85°C with decomposition Can polymerize exothermically above 50°C Degrades to ammonia and carbon monoxide at high temperatures Polyacrylamide: Stable up to 200°C in dry form Aqueous solutions degrade slowly above 60°C Thermal decomposition produces ammonia, CO₂, and water vapor Rheological Properties PAM solutions exhibit unique flow characteristics: Significant viscosity enhancement even at low concentrations (0.1-1%) Shear-thinning behavior important for industrial applications Molecular weight directly affects solution properties 3. Toxicity Profiles and Regulatory Landscape Health and Safety Considerations Acrylamide: Acute Toxicity: LD₅₀ (rat, oral) = 150-180 mg/kg Chronic Effects: Neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity Carcinogenicity: IARC Group 2A (probable human carcinogen) Exposure Routes: Inhalation, dermal absorption, ingestion Polyacrylamide: Generally regarded as non-toxic when properly manufactured Primary concern is residual acrylamide monomer content High molecular weight prevents systemic absorption May cause mechanical irritation in powder form Global Regulatory Status Acrylamide Regulations: OSHA PEL: 0.03 mg/m³ (skin notation) EU REACH: Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) Food regulations: ALARA principle in processed foods Polyacrylamide Approvals: NSF/ANSI Standard 60 for drinking water treatment EPA approval under FIFRA for soil stabilization REACH registered with strict monomer content limits Risk Management Strategies Engineering controls for acrylamide handling: Closed processing systems Local exhaust ventilation Automated monitoring systems PAM quality assurance: Certificate of analysis for each batch Regular testing for residual monomer Proper storage conditions to prevent degradation 4. Industrial Applications and Performance Characteristics Water Treatment Applications Drinking Water Treatment: PAM as flocculant: 0.1-5 ppm dosage Removes turbidity to <0.1 NTU Cationic PAM for pathogen removal Wastewater Treatment: Sludge dewatering with cationic PAM Reduces cake moisture content by 5-15% Typical dosage: 2-10 kg/ton dry solids Mining Effluent Treatment: Tailings management with anionic PAM Settling rates improved by 50-300% Acid mine drainage treatment Oilfield Applications Enhanced Oil Recovery: Polymer flooding with HPAM (hydrolyzed PAM) Increases viscosity 10-100 fold Improves sweep efficiency by 15-25% Fracturing Fluids: Friction reducer in slickwater fracs Reduces pumping pressure by 30-50% Typical concentration: 0.025-0.1% Drilling Fluids: Shale stabilization Fluid loss control Cuttings removal Agricultural Uses Soil Conditioning: Reduces irrigation needs by 15-30% Decreases soil erosion by 50-90% Application rates: 1-5 kg/hectare Fertilizer Efficiency: Reduces nitrogen leaching Improves phosphorus availability Slow-release formulations 5. Environmental Fate and Ecological Impact Degradation Pathways Acrylamide: Microbial degradation half-life: 2-14 days Photodegradation in surface waters Strong adsorption to soil organic matter Polyacrylamide: Mechanical degradation through shear forces Slow microbial breakdown (months to years) UV-assisted decomposition at water surface Ecotoxicity Data Aquatic Organisms: Acrylamide: LC₅₀ (fish) = 10-100 mg/L PAM: Essentially non-toxic at environmental concentrations Soil Microorganisms: PAM can actually stimulate microbial activity No significant inhibition at recommended doses Best Management Practices Application controls to prevent runoff Monitoring of degradation products Use of biodegradable PAM formulations Proper disposal of processing wastes https://witcarbon.com/acrylamide-vs-polyacrylamide-a-comprehensive-comparison-of-properties-applications-and-market-trends/ | |
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| Target State: All States Target City : All Cities Last Update : 17 April 2025 7:51 PM Number of Views: 12 | Item Owner : annaberr salubarw Contact Email: Contact Phone: (None) |
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2025-04-19 (1.017 sec)